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中国在国外有多少个驻军基地-中国在国外有多少个驻军基地?
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九·一八事变发生之前,日军为何就已经常驻中国?
1904年在中国领土上爆发了日俄战争,俄国全面战败,日本获得了俄国在中国东北所有的权益,包括租借辽宁关东州,以及在中东铁路支线南满铁路附近驻军的权利。自此,日本在东北开始有了真正的军事存在。到九一八爆发前夕,日军在东北的正规军已达1.5万余人,还有旅顺要塞部队和重炮兵大队等。
另外有在乡军人和警察等***部队约1万余人。总兵力约2.7万人。日军以沈阳为中心,部署于南满铁路沿线,以便于机动兵力。
当时在中国有日军有哪些?
九·一八事变以前驻扎在中国领土上的日军主要有三部分:
一部分是:驻扎在东北(主要是旅顺和南满铁路沿线)的关东军,他们是根据日俄战争后的《日俄协定》继承沙俄在我国东北租借到旅顺海军基地。
另一部分是:驻扎在京津的中国驻屯军,他们是根据《辛丑条约》的驻扎在中国的。
另外在上海的日租借也驻扎有日本海军陆战队。
首先九一八事变前日本为什么在东北驻军?
在918之前日本投资修建bai了南满铁路,所以按当时国du际外交习惯日本在铁路沿线zhi享有租借权,所以南满铁路(长春dao至大连)沿线各主要城市都有日本租界,租界内驻有日本宪兵队。
另外,当初俄国在大连旅顺港有旅顺租界,日俄战争后俄国战败与日本签订普利茂斯条约,俄国将位于旅顺港的租界权转让给了日本。所以918之前日本在旅顺拥有原俄国租界,同样也驻有宪兵队。
九·一八事变,又称奉天事变、柳条湖***。是1931年9月18日夜日本在中国东北蓄意制造并发动的一场侵华战争,是日本帝国主义侵华的开端。
“九·一八事变”是日本帝国主义长期以来推行对华侵略扩张政策的必然的结果,也是企图把中国变为其独占的殖民地而***取的重要步骤。它同时标志着世界反***战争的开始,揭开了第二次世界大战东方战场的序幕。
再来说常驻华北的“中国驻屯军”。
华北“中国驻屯军”的存在,也与1900年的“八国联军侵华”有关。1901年的《辛丑条约》里,有这样一项规定:
“大清国国家允定,各国使馆界,以为专允住用之处,并由使馆管理,中国民人,概不准在界内居住,亦可自行防守。”“中国国家应允,诸国分应自主,长留兵队,分保使馆。”“中国国家应允,由诸国分应主办,会同酌定数处,留兵驻守,以保京师至海通道无断绝之虞。今诸国驻守之处系:黄村、郎(廊)坊、杨村、天津、军粮城、塘沽、芦台、唐山、滦州、昌黎、秦皇岛、山海关。”
据此,各国集体取得了在中国境内驻扎军队的特权。日本早在《辛丑条约》签字前两个月,就宣布组建了“清国驻屯军”,设司令部于天津,下属六个步兵大队,一个野战炮兵大队,一个野战兵医院,一个军乐队,一个守备司令部,一个骑兵中队,一个工兵中队,一个宪兵队,共计2600人。主要分布在北京的使馆和自北京至山海关沿线的战略要地,其中天津1400人,滦州300人,昌黎300人,山海关与秦皇岛300人,另在塘沽驻有一支小部队。
总结:九一八那段历史,应该算二战阶段,那时的日本国内经济危机,各种社会矛盾都很大,国家已经不能从国内方面解决,所以日本需要把矛盾外引,来缓解国内的各种矛盾,那就是对外侵略!中国是离日本最近的国家,各种***也很丰富!所以中国就成日本侵略的对象。而东北是离日本最近的省份,处于军费的考虑,日本把东北作为侵华的第一站,当时九一八之前,日本方面已经做好全面侵华的打算,在东北驻军只是第一步而已。
1
导读:九·一八事变指1931年9月18日,日本在中国东北爆发的一次军事冲突和政治***,是由日本国蓄意制造并企图以此来侵略中国、占领中国领土的***,冲突双方是中国东北军和日本关东军。根据冲突爆发的日期,史称“九·一八事变”。由于当时中国东北地区称为满洲,因此日本方面将这次事变称为“满洲事变”。
一、
1931年9月18日傍晚,日本关东军虎石***立守备队第2营第3连离开原驻地虎石台兵营,沿南满铁路向南行进。夜22时20分左右,日本关东军铁路守备队柳条湖分遣队队长河本末守中尉为首一个小分队以巡视铁路为名,在奉天(现沈阳)北面约7.5公里处,离东北军驻地北大营800米处的柳条湖南满铁路段上引爆小型***,炸毁了小段铁路。并将3具身穿东北军士兵服装的中国人尸体放在现场,作为东北军破坏铁路的证据,诬称中国军队破坏铁路并袭击日守备队。
二、
爆炸后,驻扎中方北大营和沈阳城的日军兵分南北两路,向中国军队驻地北大营进攻。南军为平田幸弘指挥关东军第2师步兵第2旅第29团,北军为岛本正一指挥的铁路守备队第2营。
三、
当时,北大营驻守的东北军第七旅毫无防备,被打得措手不及。而事前张学良曾训令东北军不得抵抗,驻守部队并未做出激烈反击。第七旅三个团中有两个团按指示撤走,只有王铁汉的620团未及时接到撤退命令,被迫自卫抵抗,最后突围撤走。由于执行不抵抗命令,北大营逾万名守军被只有500多人的日军击溃。
结语:九一八事变之后几月间东北沦丧,丢了这么大块国土当然叫国耻了。而纪念这一系列***需要有个具体点的日子,于是就选9.18了
四、可以翻译:Guide: The September 18th Incident refers to a military conflict and political incident that broke out in Northeast China by Japan on September 18, 1931. It was an incident deliberately created by the Japanese nation and attempted to invade China and occupy Chinese territory. Both parties to the conflict It is the Northeast Army of China and the Kwantung Army of Japan. According to the date when the conflict broke out, the history is called the "September 18 Incident." Since Northeast China was called Manchuria at that time, the Japanese side referred to this incident as the "Manchuria Incident."
One,
On the evening of September 18, 1931, the 3rd Company of the 2nd Battalion of the Japanese Kwantung Army Hushitai Independent Defence Team left the Hushitai Barracks where it was originally stationed and marched south along the Nanman Railway. At around 22:20 p.m., the Japanese Kwantung Army Railway Garrison’s Liutiaohu Detachment Captain, Lieutenant Kawamoto Mamoru, headed by Lieutenant Mamoru Kawamoto, was about 7.5 kilometers north of Fengtian (now Shenyang) and was away from the Northeast Army’s station. ***all explosives were detonated on the Liutiao Hunan-Manchurian Railway section 800 meters away from Beidaying, destroying a ***all section of the railway. The corpses of three Chinese people wearing Northeastern Army soldier costumes were placed on the scene as evidence of the destruction of the railway by the Northeast Army, falsely claiming that the Chinese Army destroyed the railway and attacked the Japanese garrison.
two,
After the explosion, the Japanese troops stationed in China's Bei Daying and Shenyang City were divided into north and south and attacked the Chinese army's Bei Daying. The southern army was the 29th regiment of the 2nd Brigade of the Kwantung Army’s 2nd Division, Yukhiro Hirata, and the second battalion of the railway garrison under the command of Shimamoto.
three,
At that time, the Seventh Brigade of the Northeast Army stationed at Peking Daying was unprepared and was caught off guard. However, Zhang Xueliang had instructed the Northeast Army not to resist, and the garrison troops did not make a fierce counterattack. Two of the three regiments of the Seventh Brigade withdrew as instructed. Only Wang Tiehan's 620 regiment did not receive the retreat order in time and was forced to resist in self-defense, and finally broke through and retreated. Due to the execution of the non-resistance order, more than 10,000 defenders of the Peking University camp were defeated by the Japanese army of only 500.
Conclusion: A few months after the September 18th Incident, the Northeast was lost. Of course it is a national shame to lose such a large piece of land. A specific day is needed to commemorate this series of events, so I chose 9.18
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